The Evolution of Mental Health Stigma: From Shame to Acceptance
By Jessica Anne Pressler, LCSW
Mental health has long been a topic shrouded in stigma and shame. Throughout history, those struggling with mental illness have faced discrimination, social isolation, and even persecution. However, as our understanding of mental health has grown, so too has our acceptance and support for those dealing with these challenges.
Historical Stigma:
In the past, mental illness was often viewed as a moral failing or a sign of weakness. Those suffering from mental health issues were frequently locked away in asylums, subjected to inhumane treatments, or shunned by society (Farreras, 2019). The lack of scientific understanding and the prevalence of superstition led to the marginalization and mistreatment of those with mental illness (Hinshaw, 2007).
The Shift Towards Acceptance:
As medical knowledge advanced and mental health advocacy grew, the perception of mental illness began to shift. The introduction of more humane treatments and the recognition of mental health as a legitimate medical concern helped to reduce stigma (Patel et al., 2018). Organizations like the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have played crucial roles in promoting mental health awareness and reducing discrimination (WHO, 2019).
The Role of Social Media:
In recent years, social media has emerged as a powerful tool in the fight against mental health stigma. Platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have provided a space for individuals to share their experiences, connect with others, and raise awareness about mental health (Budenz et al., 2020). Social media campaigns, such as #BellLetsTalk and #EndTheStigma, have helped to normalize conversations about mental illness and encourage people to seek help (Livingston et al., 2014).
However, social media has also presented challenges in the mental health landscape. The constant comparison to others' curated lives can contribute to feelings of inadequacy and worsen mental health symptoms (Vogel et al., 2014). Additionally, the spread of misinformation and the potential for cyberbullying can have detrimental effects on those with mental illness (Robinson et al., 2019).
How does one navigate then? People diagnosed with mental conditions is a prevalent issue that affects millions of people worldwide. These conditions often face numerous challenges, not only in terms of managing their symptoms but also in navigating societal stigma and lack of support. It is crucial for society to provide comprehensive support systems for individuals with mental illness, as well as their loved ones, to promote recovery and improve overall quality of life. Listed are some examples of these mental conditions.
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. People with schizophrenia may experience hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, which can make daily life extremely challenging. The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) provides support, education, and advocacy for individuals with schizophrenia and their families. They offer a helpline, support groups, and educational programs to help people better understand and manage the condition.
Bipolar disorder is another mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings, ranging from manic highs to depressive lows. The Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA) is a national organization that provides support for individuals with bipolar disorder and their loved ones. They offer online support groups, educational materials, and a wellness toolbox to help people manage their symptoms and maintain stability.
Anxiety and depression are two of the most common mental health disorders, affecting a significant portion of the population. The Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) is a national organization that provides support, education, and resources for individuals with anxiety and depression. They offer an online support community, a therapist directory, and educational webinars to help people better understand and manage their conditions.
Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder, are serious mental health conditions that can have life-threatening consequences. The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) is a national organization that provides support, education, and resources for individuals with eating disorders and their loved ones. They offer a helpline, online screening tools, and a treatment provider directory to help people find the support they need.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that a person feels compelled to perform. The International OCD Foundation (IOCDF) is a national organization that provides support, education, and resources for individuals with OCD and their loved ones. They offer a helpline, support groups, and an online resource directory to help people find the support they need.
Looking Forward:
While significant progress has been made in reducing the stigma surrounding mental illness, there is still work to be done. Continued education, advocacy, and support are essential in creating a society that fully accepts and supports those with mental health challenges. By fostering open dialogues, promoting evidence-based treatments, and leveraging the power of social media for positive change, we can continue to break down the barriers of shame and stigma. The journey from shame to acceptance in mental health has been a long and arduous one. By acknowledging the historical stigma, recognizing the progress made, and embracing the potential of social media and ongoing advocacy, we can create a future where mental health is treated with the same compassion and understanding as physical health.
In conclusion societal and social support play a vital role in the lives of individuals with mental illness. By promoting understanding, reducing stigma, and providing access to resources and support, we can create a world where everyone has the opportunity to achieve mental wellness and live their best lives. While individual support systems, such as family and friends, are essential in the recovery process, it is equally important for society as a whole to provide support and understanding for those with mental illness. This includes reducing stigma, increasing access to mental health services, and promoting mental health education in schools and workplaces. By working together to create a supportive and inclusive environment, we can help individuals with mental illness lead fulfilling lives and contribute to their communities. It is essential to remember that mental health is just as important as physical health and that everyone deserves access to the support and resources they need to thrive.
Listed below are national organizations for mental health
World Health Organization. (2019). Mental health: Fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2021). Schizophrenia. Retrieved from https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Schizophrenia
Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance. (2021). About DBSA. Retrieved from https://www.dbsalliance.org/about/
Anxiety and Depression Association of America. (2021). About ADAA. Retrieved from https://adaa.org/about-adaa
National Eating Disorders Association. (2021). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/about-us
International OCD Foundation. (2021). About IOCDF. Retrieved from https://iocdf.org/about/
World Health Organization. (2019). Mental health: Fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
References:
Budenz, A., Klassen, A., Purtle, J., Yom Tov, E., Yudell, M., & Massey, P. (2020). Mental illness and bipolar disorder on Twitter: Implications for stigma and social support. Journal of Mental Health, 29(2), 191-199.
Farreras, I. G. (2019). History of mental illness. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds.), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF Publishers.
Hinshaw, S. P. (2007). The mark of shame: Stigma of mental illness and an agenda for change. Oxford University Press.
Livingston, J. D., Cianfrone, M., Korf-Uzan, K., & Coniglio, C. (2014). Another time point, a different story: One year effects of a social media intervention on the attitudes of young people towards mental health issues. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(6), 985-990.
Patel, V., Saxena, S., Lund, C., Thornicroft, G., Baingana, F., Bolton, P., ... & UnÜtzer, J. (2018). The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development. The Lancet, 392(10157), 1553-1598.
Robinson, J., Cox, G., Bailey, E., Hetrick, S., Rodrigues, M., Fisher, S., & Herrman, H. (2019). Social media and suicide prevention: A systematic review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(2), 103-121.
Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206-222.
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002). Understanding the impact of stigma on people with mental illness. World Psychiatry, 1(1), 16-20.
Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2013). Mental illness stigma, help seeking, and public health programs. American Journal of Public Health, 103(5), 777-780.
Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Doherty, M., Rose, D., ... & Henderson, C. (2016). Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination. The Lancet, 387(10023), 1123-1132.
Wahl, O. F. (1999). Mental health consumers' experience of stigma. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 25(3), 467-478.
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